Mu nganda zikora imyenda y'ibitambaro, imashini ikura amazi ni yo ikoreshwa cyane mu buryo bwo kumesa imyenda y'imiyoboro y'amazi. Inkari ni yo ikoreshwa cyane mu imashini ikura amazi. Ariko, ikibazo cyo gukurura cyangwa gufatana kw'inkari cyarushijeho kugaragara cyane, cyane cyane iyo umesa imyenda y'amabara yoroheje. Ibi ntibigira ingaruka gusa ku isuku y'imyenda ahubwo bishobora no guteza umwanda.
Isesengura ry'Impamvu
❑ Ingano y'inkari
Mu gihe cyo gushyiraho uruhago rw'amazi, niba uburebure bw'uruhago rw'amazi budahuye n'ibyo umucuruzi w'inyongera akeneye, hazabaho ibibazo byinshi.
Iyo uruhago runini kurusha agaseke nyuma yo kuzura amazi, uruhago ruzakomeza kwikubita ku gaseke, bityo uruhago rugakomeza kwangirika. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, iyo uruhago rubaye runini kurusha agaseke nyuma yo kuzura amazi,itangazamakuruNi nini cyane, ubushuhe buri mu mwenda buzavamo bunyuze mu cyuho mu gihe cyo gukanda, bigatuma ubushuhe bw'umugati w'umwenda bwiyongera, bityo bikongera igihe cyo kuma n'ingufu zikoreshwa.
❑ Igitebo cyangiritse
Igitebo cy'icyuma gikura amazi gishobora kwangirika gato uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ubu busembwa bushobora kutabonwa n'amaso byoroshye. Ariko, iyo icyuma gikura amazi kiri gukora, umuvuduko w'imbere uba uri hejuru cyane, akenshi ukagera kuri toni amagana. Guhinduka kw'igitebo bishobora gutuma umutwe w'igitebo n'agapfunyika k'amazi biva hagati bikagira uruhande rumwe, bityo bigatera kwangirika gukomeye ku ruhande rumwe rw'agapfunyika k'amazi.
Guhinduka kw'agaseke bishobora gutuma umutwe w'igitutu n'uruhago rw'amazi biva hagati bikagira ibara ryerekeza ku ruhande rumwe, bityo bigatera kwangirika gukomeye ku ruhande rumwe rw'uruhago rw'amazi.
❑ Gushwanyagurika kw'isabune y'amazi
Niba isabune ikoreshwa murikumesaUburyo bwo gukora (amazi yo gukaraba, ifu yo gukaraba, aside oxalic, aside asetiki) ntibukoreshejwe neza, bushobora gutera ingese ku rukenyerero rw'amazi. Isabune ifite aside nyinshi cyangwa alkaliniti ikomeye ishobora kwangiza urwego rw'ubuso bw'urukenyerero rw'amazi, bigatuma rugwa cyangwa rugafatana. Byongeye kandi, niba ingano y'isabune ikoreshwa idakwiye, ibintu bisigaye bya aside cyangwa alkali bizakora ku rukenyerero iyo bikandagiye, kandi bikongere ikibazo cy'ingese.
❑ Ubwinshi bw'umwanda ku buso
Nyuma y'igihe kirekire uruhago rw'amazi rumaze gukoreshwa, imigozi y'umukara ishobora kwirundanya ku buso bw'uruhago rw'amazi. Imigozi ikunze kuba bitewe n'uko irangi cyangwa imiti isukura mu kamashini idasukuwe neza.
Uyu mwanda ntugira ingaruka gusa ku mikorere y'uruhago ahubwo ushobora no kwinjira mu gice cy'imbere cy'uruhago, bigatuma ubuso bw'uruhago bugwa.
Inama zo Gukemura Ibibazo
❑ Gupima neza no kugenzura ingano buri gihe
● Gupima ingano mu gihe cyo gushyiraho
Mu gushyiraho uruhago rw'amazi, umurambararo warwo ugomba kuba wujuje ibisabwa n'abatanga imashini zikura amazi. Ubusanzwe, hagomba kuba hari icyuho cya mm 1-2 hagati y'uruhago rw'amazi n'urukuta rw'imbere rw'imashini. Niba uruhago rw'amazi rurimo amazi imbere ari runini cyane kurusha agaseke, abantu bagomba guhindura bakajya ku ruhago rw'amazi rukwiye.
● Igenzura n'isukura buri gihe
Uruhago rw'amazi rugomba gusuzumwa buri gihe kugira ngo harebwe niba umurambararo warwo uri mu rugero rugenwa n'umutanga ibikoresho. Ni byiza guhindura nibura amazi mu ruhago rw'amazi rimwe mu cyumweru no gupima umurambararo w'uruhago rw'amazi. Mu gihe gisanzwe, iyo uruhago rw'amazi rugeze ku murambararo usabwa, aho hagati hagomba kugaragara ishusho izamuka.
❑ Reba agaseke
● Irinde guhindura imiterere y'umubiri
Igitebo cyaimashini ikura amaziishobora kwangirika uko igihe kigenda, bityo ni byiza kugenzura buri gihe imiterere n'imiterere y'agaseke. Iyo agaseke kangiritse, abantu bagomba kugasana cyangwa bakagasimbuza ku gihe kugira ngo barebe ko imashini ikura amazi ikora neza.
● Hindura Parametero y'Itangazamakuru
Iyo imashini ikura amazi ikora, menya neza ko imyanya yo hagati y'umutwe w'igitutu n'uruhago rw'amazi igororotse kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika gukabije ku ruhande rumwe rw'uruhago rw'amazi bitewe n'uko ibikoresho byangiritse.
❑ Kunoza ikoreshwa n'imicungire y'isabune
● Genzura neza igipimo cy'umuti
Isabune ikoreshwa mu kumesa imyenda (amazi yo kumesa, ifu yo gukaraba, aside oxalic, aside asetiki) igomba guhuzwa neza hakurikijwe amabwiriza y'ibicuruzwa. Irinde gukoresha isabune nyinshi zirimo aside cyangwa alkaline. Reba buri gihe agaciro ka pH k'umuyoboro woza imyenda hanyuma ukande agaciro ka pH k'umuyoboro kugira ngo umenye neza ko biri mu rwego rwo kwirinda. (5-7)
● Kutagira aho bibogamiye
Mu gihe cyo kumesa imyenda, iyo hakoreshejwe isabune ya alkaline, hagomba kongerwamo ibintu bikwiye bya aside kugira ngo bitangiza imisatsi kugira ngo hirindwe ko imisatsi yangirika cyangwa ngo yangize uruhago rw'amazi. Ni byiza gukoresha isabune yoroheje kugira ngo hirindwe ko uruhago rw'amazi rwangirika.
❑ Ubuso bw'uruhago rw'amazi
● Gusukura ubuso buri gihe
Umwanda uri ku ruhago rw'inkari ugomba gusukurwa ku gihe kugira ngo wirinde ko winjira mu ruhago rw'imbere bigatuma ubuso bugwa. Ni byiza ko woza ubuso rimwe mu cyumweru.
● Umuti ukwiye wo gusukura
Gukoresha isuku yihariye bishobora kwirinda ingese iterwa no gukoresha nabi isuku. Isuku ifite ubushobozi bworoshye bwo gukaraba kandi ishobora gukuraho umwanda neza itangiza ubuso.
Ingamba zo kwirinda no gucunga igihe kirekire
❑ Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora
● Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'imikorere birambuye
Kora kandi ukurikize inzira isanzwe yo gukora, harimo gushyiraho, gukoresha, kubungabunga, no gusukura uruhago rw'amazi. Menya neza ko buri mukozi wese azi kandi akurikiza amabwiriza agenga imikorere.
● Amahugurwa n'ibizamini
Gutoza buri gihe abakora akazi kugira ngo babamenyeshe uburyo bukwiye bwo gukoresha n'aho babungabunga. Menya neza ko buri mukozi wese azi ubumenyi binyuze mu kizamini.
❑ Gutunganya no gucunga ibikoresho
● Gukomeza itangazamakuru buri gihe
Imashini yo gukamura ni yo ikoreshwa cyane mu gukoresha uruhago rw'amazi. Suzuma kandi ukomeze kwita ku bice byose by'imashini yo gukamura kugira ngo urebe ko ikora neza. By'umwihariko, kugenzura agaseke n'umutwe w'igitutu bigomba gufatwa nk'ibintu by'ingenzi byo kubungabunga.
● Kuvugurura no kunoza ibikoresho
Ukurikije imiterere nyayo y'ikoreshwa, tekereza ku kuvugurura cyangwa kunoza imashini kugira ngo yongere imikorere yayo n'igihe ikora. Urugero, shyiraho sisitemu yo kugenzura yikora kugira ngo ikurikirane uburebure bw'uruhago rw'amazi n'uko imashini ikora mu gihe nyacyo.
❑ Tegura uburyo bwo gukaraba neza
● Hindura ibipimo byo gukaraba
Hinduragukarabaigihe n'ubushyuhe hakurikijwe ubwoko bw'ishati n'urwego rw'umwanda. Ku ishati y'ibara ryoroheje, ubushyuhe bwo kumesa bugomba kugabanuka bihagije, kandi ingano y'imiti ikoreshwa igomba kugabanuka kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'ishati cyangwa kwangirika k'uruhago rw'amazi.
● Ongera umubare w'ibyo koza
Mu gihe cyo kumesa, ongera umubare w'ibyo koza kugira ngo urebe neza ko ibisigazwa bya shimi biri mu mwenda byasukuwe neza. Ibi ntibigabanya gusa ingese y'uruhago rw'amazi ahubwo binanoza isuku y'umwenda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-01-2025