Ingaruka z'igishushanyo mbonera cy'imiterere y'inkingi nkuru ku ihindagurika
Itsindaimashini ikura amazini cyo gice cy'ingenzi cy'uburyo bwo koza amazi mu miyoboro y'amazi. Iyo imashini inaniwe, uburyo bwose burahagarara, bigatuma uruhare rwabwo murisisitemu yo kumesa imyenda yo mu tunnelingenzi cyane hamwe n'ibikenewe cyane mu bya tekiniki. Gukomera kw'imashini ishobora gusuzumwa hashingiwe ku bintu byinshi: 1) imiterere y'inkingi nyamukuru; 2) sisitemu ya hydraulic; 3) ubwiza bwa silindiri; 4) ikoranabuhanga n'ubwiza bw'igikapu n'uruhago.
Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imiterere y'icyuma gisohora amazi
Uyu munsi reka tuvuge ku miterere y'imashini ikoresha icyuma gikurura amazi. Kuri ubu, hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'imashini zikura amazi ku isoko: izikomeye n'iziciriritse. Ubwo bwoko butandukanye cyane mu miterere n'imikorere.
1. Imashini yoroheje yo gukanda
Imashini ikura amazi yoroheje ishyigikiwe n'inkoni enye z'icyuma zikoze mu cyuma gifite umurambararo wa mm 80. Izi nkoni zikozwe mu mashini kandi zigateranywa n'imbuto n'amasahani yo hasi. Nubwo iyi miterere ihendutse, ifite imbogamizi nyinshi:
Ibisabwa mu guteranya neza:Uburyo bwo guteranya imashini zicapa zoroshye busaba ubuziranenge bwo hejuru. Guhindagurika kose bishobora kugira ingaruka ku ituze n'imikorere y'imashini muri rusange.
Ibibazo byo Kuramba:Inkoni z'icyuma zifite umurambararo wa mm 80 zishobora kugabanuka zikagera kuri mm 60 nyuma yo kuzitunganya, bigatuma zishobora kwangirika no kuvunika uko igihe kigenda gihita. Gukoresha cyane ibikoresho byo kumesa byongera iki kibazo, bigatera kwangirika.
Uburyo bugoye bwo gusimbuza:Iyo inkingi yangiritse, bisaba kuyisesagura no kuyivugurura burundu, ibyo bikaba bishobora gufata igihe kinini. Iki gihe cyo kuruhuka gishobora kubangamira imikorere no kugira ingaruka ku musaruro w'ikigo. Mu Bushinwa, hagaragaye ko gusana bishobora kuva ku minsi myinshi kugeza ku kwezi, aho imashini zitoroheje muri rusange zigira igihe cyo kubaho cy'imyaka 8-10.
2. Imashini Ikora Imiterere Ikomeye
Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, inshingano zikomeyeimashini ikura amaziifite urufatiro rukomeye rwubatswe mu byuma byihariye bifite ubugari bwa mm 200. Ibi byuma bikozwe mu mwenge kugira ngo bikore urufatiro rwa mm 200 * 200. Iyi miterere itanga ibyiza byinshi:
Kuramba kurushaho:Imiterere ikomeye ishobora kwihanganira gukoreshwa igihe kirekire kandi mu buryo bukomeye nta gucikagurika cyangwa ngo ivunike. Uku gukomera bigira uruhare mu gutuma ikora igihe kirekire.
Igihe kirekire cyo kubaho:Iyo imashini zikoreshwa mu buryo bukwiye, zishobora kumara imyaka 20 cyangwa irenga, bigatuma ziba ishoramari rirambye ugereranije n’imashini zikoreshwa mu buryo bworoheje.
Gusana byoroshye:Imiterere y'imashini zikoresha imbaraga nyinshi ituma byoroha kuzisana no kuzisana, bigabanya igihe cyo gukora no kuziba icyuho mu mikorere.
Kongera ubushobozi bwo gukura amazi mu buryo bunoze:Imashini zikoreshwa cyane zitanga ubushobozi bwo gukura amazi mu buryo bwiza. Urugero,CLMImashini ikoresha imbaraga nyinshi yagenewe guhangana n’umuvuduko ugera kuri bar 63, ikoreshwa mu buryo nyabwo hafi bar 48. Ibi bituma amazi akoreshwa mu gitambaro agera kuri 50%. Mu buryo bunyuranye, imashini zikoresha imbaraga nke zikunze gukora ku muvuduko uri munsi ya bar 40, bigatuma amazi aba menshi kandi ikiguzi cyo kumisha kiyongera.
Ingufu mu mikorere n'ingaruka ku giciro
Guhitamo hagati y’imashini zikoresha imbaraga nyinshi n’iziciriritse bifite ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere myiza n’ikiguzi. Imashini zikoresha imbaraga nyinshi, zifite ubushobozi bwo kuramba no gukura amazi mu mazi, zishobora gutuma amafaranga azigamwa mu gihe kirekire. Inyubako zikoresha imashini zikoresha imbaraga nyinshi zikunze kugabanuka igihe cyo kuma no kugabanuka kw’ikiguzi cy’ingufu, bigatuma imikorere myiza muri rusange irushaho kuba myiza.
Umwanzuro
Guhitamo imashini ikoresha amazi neza ni ingenzi kugira ngo ikore nezasisitemu zo koza imyenda yo mu tunnelGusobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati y’imashini zikora cyane n’izikora buhoro buhoro bishobora gufasha ibigo gufata ibyemezo bisobanutse bigira ingaruka ku mikorere myiza, ibisabwa mu kubungabunga, n’ikiguzi cy’igihe kirekire. Mu gushora imari mu bikoresho bikomeye no kwita ku miterere y’igishushanyo mbonera, ibigo bishobora kwemeza ko imikorere ihamye kandi ikora neza, bikagabanya igihe cyo kudakora neza no kunoza imikorere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-07-2024