Amabwiriza yuzuye yo gukaraba imyenda y'ubuvuzi: Uburyo, amasabune n'ibipimo by'ubushyuhe bw'amazi

Nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi by'inyongera mu bitaro, ubwiza bw'imyenda yo kwa mugangakumesano kwica udukoko bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku buzima bw'abakozi bo kwa muganga n'abarwayi ndetse no ku buryo ibitaro bikoresha mu gukumira no kurwanya ubwandu. Kugira ngo harusheho gushyirwa imbere iterambere ry’ubuvuzi.inganda zimesa imyenda y'ibitambarokandi igasobanura neza amahame ngenderwaho y’imikorere y’inganda, iyi ngingo ikusanya amahame ngenderwaho y’ibizamini by’ibanze n’intambwe z’ubuvuzi bw’ingenzi nk’ibyo abakora mu nganda n’ibigo by’ubuvuzi bakunda.

Komeza Urufatiro rw'Uburyo

Inshingano nyamukuru ni ugushyiraho uburyo bwuzuye kandi bw’umwuga bwo gucunga. Ibigo by’ubuvuzi n’ibigo by’imyenda bigomba gushyiraho uburyo bw’ikigo bushobora gukwirakwiza ibintu byinshi hashingiwe ku buzima bwose bwo kumesa no gusukura imyenda y’ubuvuzi.

Sisitemu ikubiyemo by'umwihariko:

- Sisitemu yo gukora akazi ko koza no kwica udukoko mu buryo bw'ubuvuzi

- Sisitemu yo gucunga ikusanyirizo ry'amakuru mu byiciro

- Sisitemu yo kugenzura no kugenzura isuku y'amazi no kuyasukura

- Sisitemu yo gucunga ububiko bw'imyenda isukuye

- Sisitemu y'imikorere y'umutekano

- Sisitemu yo gusukura ibikoresho n'isuku y'ibidukikije

- Inshingano z'akazi n'uburyo bwo kurengera abakora akazi

Imiterere y’ikigo ihamye ishobora kwemeza ko amategeko agenga buri gice cy’imikorere. Ibi byemeza ko isuku y’imyenda yo kwa muganga ituruka ahantu hatandukanye.

Komeza Uburinzi

Abakora mu nganda zo kumesa imyenda ni bo bashinzwe imirimo yo kumesa imyenda y’ubuganga. Kwirinda kwabo bwite ntibireba ubuzima bwabo gusa, ahubwo binarinda kwandura indwara zitandukanye. Mu gihe cyo kubaga, abantu bagomba gukurikiza amabwiriza yo kwirinda.

● Uburyo bwo kwambara

Abakozi bagomba kugumana imyenda yabo isuku kandi bagahindura imyenda yabo y'akazi buri gihe. Birabujijwe cyane kwambara amakariso mu kazi, kandi umuntu ntagomba kwinjira aho kuriramo, aho inama ibera, cyangwa ngo ave aho akorera yambaye imyenda y'akazi.

● Ibikoresho byo kurinda

Mu gihe cyo gukusanya imyenda yanduye no gukwirakwiza imyenda isukuye, ni ngombwa kwambara uturindantoki, udupfukamunwa, n'ingofero neza no kwambara imyenda yihariye y'akazi kugira ngo ubuze burundu inzira z'imyanda zishobora gutera.

● Gucunga neza amaboko

Abakozi bagomba kugira intoki zabo zisukuye igihe icyo ari cyo cyose, bityo bagomba gukaraba intoki zabo cyangwa bagasukura intoki zabo hakurikijwe uburyo busanzwe bwo kwirinda kwandura no kwandura intoki.

Gushyira mu byiciro no kujugunya ibyangiritse mu buryo bwa siyansi

Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'imyenda yo kwa muganga, kandi urwego rw'ubwandu bwayo n'ingaruka zayo biratandukanye. Uburyo siyansi ishyira mu byiciro ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi bwo kwirinda kwandura indwara zitandukanye.

● Imyenda isanzwe yanduye

Abakozi bagomba gukusanya imyenda yanduye ahantu habigenewe. Imyenda ntigomba gutondekwa mu nzira z'ibitaro, inzira z'ibinyabiziga, n'ahandi hantu hahurira abantu benshi. Nyuma yo kuyikusanya, imyenda yanduye igomba gushyirwa mu gikoresho cyihishe hanyuma ikagezwa hakoreshejwe umurongo wihariye. Imyenda igomba gukurikiza itegeko ryo "kwandura kugeza ku gusukura" kandi ikirinda gusubira inyuma. Nanone, agakoresho gatwara ibintu n'imodoka zikoresha imyenda isukuye n'imyenda yanduye bigomba gutandukanywa neza kandi bigashyirwaho ikimenyetso. Nyuma yo kuyikoresha, hagomba gukorwa isuku yihuse no gusukura imiti yica udukoko.

Birabujijwe cyane gukora ibikorwa byo kubika ibintu mu bice bihurira abantu benshi nko mu nzira z'ibitaro n'inzira z'ibinyabiziga.

● Imyenda yihariye yanduye

Imyenda yanduye amaraso cyangwa amazi n'imyenda ikoreshwa n'abarwayi bandura igomba gushyirwa ukwayo igafungirwa mu mifuka ibiri. Ibirango by'umwanda bigomba gushyirwaho ikimenyetso inyuma y'imifuka kugira ngo bivurwe mu buryo bwihariye mu gihe kizaza.

● Ibisabwa kugira ngo ububiko bube mu buryo bwa classified

Imyenda y'abakozi, imyenda y'abarwayi, ibitanda, imyenda yihariye yo kubaga bigomba gushyirwa mu byiciro bisobanutse neza, kandi ububiko buvanze bugomba kwirindwa cyane.

Imyenda isukuye, imyenda yanduye, n'ibindi bifitanye isano bigomba gushyirwa ahantu hatandukanye kandi hakurikijwe ibyiciro kugira ngo hakurweho amahirwe yo kwanduzanya ahantu hatandukanye.

Kongera isuku mu bidukikije

Isuku y'ibidukikije aho abantu bakarabira ni ingingo y'ingenzi y'ingenzi

Isuku y'ibidukikije aho umuntu yoza ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo habeho ubuziranenge bw'imitako yo kwa muganga. Ni ngombwa gushyira mu bikorwa neza uburyo bwo gusukura no kwica udukoko. Ibisabwa byihariye birimo:

● Gusukura no kwica udukoko buri munsi

Shyiraho umunsi uhoraho wo gusukura aho bakorera buri cyumweru. Mu minsi y'akazi, amadirishya agomba kuba afunguye buri gihe kugira ngo habeho koroshya urujya n'uruza rw'amazi. Ahantu handuye hagomba gusukurwa hakoreshejwe amatara ya UV buri munsi, kandi gusukura no kwica udukoko mu mazi na byo bigomba gukorwa kabiri ku munsi.

Ibikorwa byose byo gusukura imiti bigomba kwandikwa mu buryo burambuye kugira ngo harebwe ko byakurikiranwa neza.

● Gucunga Igikoresho cyo Gusukura

Ibikoresho byo gusukura ahantu hatandukanye bigomba gukoreshwa ukwabyo. Ibikoresho nk'udutambaro n'amacupa bigomba gushyirwa mu byiciro, bigakurwamo imiti yica udukoko, bigatobeshwa, bikabikwa ahantu hadahinduka.

Ikimenyetso cy'akarere kigomba kuba gisobanutse neza kugira ngo hirindwe kwanduzwa n'igikoresho.

Gushyiraho uburyo bwo kumesa imyenda busanzwe

Uburyo bwo kumesa no gusukura imyenda ni ingenzi mu kugena ubwiza bw'imyenda yo kwa muganga. Abakozi bagomba gukurikiza neza amategeko n'imikorere ya siyansi kugira ngo isuku n'imiti yo gusukura imyenda yujuje ibisabwa.

● Ibizinga by'igice

Mu gihe cyo kuvura ibice by'ibirahure by'ipamba, abantu bagomba gukurikiza amategeko y'umwuga yo "kubanza byumye, hanyuma bitose" na "kubanza alkali, hanyuma aside" kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibirahure bisigara cyangwa kwangirika kw'ipamba biterwa n'uburyo budakwiye bwo kuvura.

● Uburyo bwo gusukura imyenda

Bitewe n'urwego rw'ubwandu n'ibyago byo kwandura, abakozi bagomba gukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo gusukura no kwica udukoko.

- Imyenda isanzwe yanduye:

Sukura kugira ngo ukureho umwanda wo hejuru → Sukura umuti woza n'umuti wica udukoko wa 250mg/L urimo chlorine mu gihe cy'iminota 10 nibura → Sukura kandi uvange neza kugira ngo ukureho ibisigazwa by'imiti wica udukoko ku mwenda.

- Bigaragara ko imyenda yanduye:

Ku bantu bafite amaraso agaragara, amazi yo mu mubiri, ibiremereye cyangwa ibiremereye:

Kuraho imyanda igaragara ukoresheje amazi → wica udukoko woza n'imiti yica udukoko irimo chlorine ya 2000mg/L mu gihe cy'iminota 30 → woza → ugabanya ubukana bw'imiti.

- Imyenda yanduye cyane:

Ku bantu banduye indwara ziterwa na gaze gake, indwara ziterwa n'amaraso, indwara zitazwi zivuka, bagiteri, udukoko twa bagiteri, cyangwa ibinyabuzima birwanya imiti myinshi (MDROs), kurikiza inzira ikomeye yo "gukuraho udukoko mbere yo gukuraho udukoko → gusukura → kongera gukuraho udukoko".

Koresha umuti wica udukoko wa 2000mg/L urimo chlorine mu gihe cy'iminota ≥30 → usukura → wongere wica udukoko kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kwandura.

Sobanura neza amahame ngenderwaho y'ubuziranenge

Ibipimo bya mikorobe by’imyenda isukuye ni ingenzi mu gupima ubuziranenge bw’imyenda yo kumesa. Bigomba kubahiriza neza ibi bikurikira.

- Imyenda isukuye igomba kuguma yumye, isukuye kandi imeze neza.

- Coliforms na Staphylococcus aureus ntibigomba kugaragara mu isuzuma rya mikorobe.

- Umubare wose w'udukoko twa bagiteri ugomba kugenzurwa mu rugero rwa ≤200 cfu/cm².

Ibi bisabwa byemeza ko buri gitambaro cy’umuti cyujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo gikoreshwe mu buryo bwizewe.

Ihitamo ry'ibipimo by'umwuga

Kugira ngo harusheho kunozwa uburyo bwo koza imyenda y’ubuganga neza kandi ijyanye n’imiterere yayo, ibipimo by’ingenzi by’imikorere y’inganda bitondekwa ku buryo bukurikira kugira ngo ababikora bakoreshwe kandi bashyirwe mu bikorwa.

Uburyo bwo kuvura imyenda yo mu bitaro mu byiciro no mu buryo bwo kuyivura

Imbonerahamwe y'ubushyuhe n'igihe cyo gukaraba

Imbonerahamwe y'uburyo bwo kumesa imyenda y'akazi ya muganga