Kubera iterambere ryihuse ry’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa, inganda z’ubukerarugendo n’amahoteli zateye imbere, zikongera cyane isoko ry’imyenda yo kumesa imyenda. Uko ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa bukomeza gutera imbere, inzego zitandukanye zirimo zikura, kandi isoko ry’imyenda yo kumesa imyenda naryo ni uko rimeze. Iyi nkuru irasuzuma impande zitandukanye z’isoko ry’imyenda yo kumesa imyenda ryo mu Bushinwa, isuzuma iterambere ryaryo, uko riteye, n’amahirwe y’ejo hazaza.
1. Ingano y'isoko n'iterambere
Mu 2020, ingano y'isoko ry'inganda zitanga amakuru ku myenda zo mu Bushinwa yageze kuri miliyari 8.5 z'amanyarwanda, aho ingano y'izamuka rya 8.5%. Ingano y'isoko ry'ibikoresho byo kumesa yari miliyari 2.5 z'amanyarwanda, aho ingano y'izamuka rya 10.5%. Ingano y'isoko ry'imashini zisukura yari hafi miliyari 3 z'amanyarwanda, yiyongereyeho 7%, mu gihe isoko ry'ibikoresho byo gusana ryari kuri miliyari 3 z'amanyarwanda, ryiyongereyeho 6%. Iyi mibare igaragaza ko ingano y'isoko ry'inganda zitanga amakuru ku myenda zo mu Bushinwa ikomeje kwaguka, ikomeza kwiyongera cyane kandi ikagaragaza ubushobozi bunini bw'inganda.
Ukwiyongera guhoraho kw'ingano y'isoko bigaragaza ko icyifuzo cy'abakora serivisi zo kumesa imyenda gikomeje kwiyongera mu Bushinwa. Iki cyifuzo giterwa n'ibintu byinshi, birimo iterambere ry'imibereho, kwaguka kw'urwego rw'ubukerarugendo n'amahoteli, ndetse no kwiyongera k'ubumenyi ku isuku n'isuku. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ingano y'isoko yakomeje kwiyongera, bigaragaza imiterere ikomeye y'inganda.
2. Isoko ry'ibikoresho byo kumesa
Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho byo kumesa, ahagana mu 2010, imashini zo kumesa imyenda zatangiye gukoreshwa cyane mu nganda zo kumesa imyenda zo mu Bushinwa. Imashini zo kumesa imyenda, zizwiho gukora neza no gukora neza, zahinduye imikorere mu nganda zo kumesa imyenda. Kuva mu 2015 kugeza mu 2020, umubare w'imashini zo kumesa imyenda zikora mu Bushinwa wakomeje kwiyongera, aho igipimo cy'izamuka ry'umwaka kirenga 20%, kikagera kuri 934 mu 2020. Iri terambere ry'iterambere rigaragaza ko ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kumesa rikomeje kwiyongera mu nganda.
Uko icyorezo cyagendaga kirushaho kuba cyiza, umubare w’imashini zoza imyenda mu miringoti zikora mu Bushinwa wagaragaje ukwiyongera kwihuta mu 2021, zigera ku 1.214, ubwiyongere bw’umwaka bugera kuri 30%. Uku kwiyongera gushobora guterwa no kwiyongera kw’isuku n’isuku nyuma y’icyorezo. Imashini zo kumesa imyenda n’izimesa imyenda zashoye amafaranga menshi mu kuvugurura ibikoresho byazo kugira ngo bihuze n’ibipimo bishya n’ibyo zisabwa.
Gukoresha utumashini two koza imyenda yo mu tunnel byazanye inyungu nyinshi ku nganda. Izi mashini zishobora gukora ku myenda myinshi neza, bigabanyiriza igihe n'akazi gasabwa mu kumesa. Byongeye kandi, zitanga amazi n'ingufu nziza, zigafasha mu kuzigama ikiguzi no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Uko inganda nyinshi zikoresha izi mashini zigezweho, umusaruro n'ubushobozi bw'inganda muri rusange bigiye kwiyongera.
3. Umusaruro w'ibikoresho byo kumesa mu ngo
Byongeye kandi, kuva mu 2015 kugeza mu 2020, igipimo cy’umusaruro w’imashini zo kumesa imyenda mu gihugu mu nganda zo kumesa imyenda mu Bushinwa cyariyongereye buhoro buhoro, kigera kuri 84.2% mu 2020. Iterambere rihoraho mu musaruro w’imashini zo kumesa imyenda mu gihugu bigaragaza ko ikoranabuhanga ry’ibikoresho byo kumesa imyenda mu Bushinwa rimaze igihe kirekire, rituma habaho ibikoresho byo kumesa byiza. Iri terambere ritanga urufatiro rukomeye rw’iterambere ry’inganda zo kumesa imyenda mu Bushinwa.
Izamuka ry'umusaruro w'imbere mu gihugu ni igihamya cy'uko Ubushinwa bufite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibikoresho byo kumesa bigezweho. Inganda zo mu gihugu zashoye imari mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere kugira ngo zinoze ibicuruzwa byazo kandi zuzuze amahame mpuzamahanga. Iyi mpinduka igana ku musaruro w'imbere mu gihugu ntigabanya gusa kwishingikiriza ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga ahubwo inateza imbere udushya n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu.
4. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga n'udushya
Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryagize uruhare runini mu kugena isoko ry'imyenda yo mu Bushinwa. Abakora imyenda bakomeje guhanga udushya kugira ngo bateze imbere imashini zo kumesa zikora neza, zizewe kandi zirengera ibidukikije. Udushya twavuyemo iterambere rikomeye mu mikorere yo kumesa, bigatuma habaho umusaruro mwiza no kunyurwa kw'abakiriya.
Imwe mu ntambwe igaragara ni uguhuza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu mashini zimesa. Ibikoresho byo kumesa bigezweho bifite ibikoresho bipima imyuka n'uburyo bwo kugenzura imyuka yo kumesa bikurikije ubwoko n'umutwaro w'imyenda yo kumesa. Ibi bintu bigezweho byongera imikorere myiza n'ubushobozi bw'imikaraba, bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'amazi n'ingufu.
Byongeye kandi, iterambere ry’isabune n’ibikoresho byo gusukura birengera ibidukikije nabyo byagize uruhare mu iterambere ry’isoko. Abakora ibikoresho barimo kwibanda ku gukora isabune zidakora gusa neza mu gusukura ahubwo zinarinda ibidukikije. Ibi bikoresho birengera ibidukikije birimo gukundwa n’abaguzi barushaho gusobanukirwa neza ibidukikije.
5. Ingaruka za COVID-19
Icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyagize ingaruka zikomeye ku nganda zitandukanye, kandi isoko ry’imyenda yo kumesa ni kimwe n’ibindi. Gushyira imbere isuku n’isuku byatumye serivisi zo kumesa zikenerwa cyane cyane mu nzego nk’ubuvuzi, amahoteli, na serivisi z’ibiribwa ziyongera. Uku gukenera kwiyongera byatumye abakora akazi ko kumesa bashora imari mu bikoresho byo kumesa bigezweho n’ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo bihuze n’amahame agenga isuku.
Byongeye kandi, icyorezo cyihutishije ishyirwaho ry’imiti yo kumesa idakora ku mubiri n’ikoresha imashini. Amashanyarazi arimo gukoresha imashini zikora imashini kugira ngo agabanye ibikorwa by’abantu kandi agabanye ibyago byo kwandura. Izi sisitemu zikora imashini zikora zituma abantu bamesa neza kandi bafite isuku, bigatuma abakiriya bagira amahoro yo mu mutima.
6. Imbogamizi n'amahirwe
Nubwo isoko ry’imyenda ryo mu Bushinwa ritanga amahirwe menshi, rinahura n’imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe. Imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye ni izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo n’ingufu. Abakora imyenda bagomba gushaka uburyo bwo kunoza imikorere yabo no kugabanya ibiciro nta guhungabanya ubuziranenge. Ibi bisaba udushya duhoraho no kunoza imikorere.
Indi mbogamizi ni ukwiyongera kw'irushanwa ku isoko. Kubera ko serivisi zo gukaraba zikomeje kwiyongera, abakinnyi benshi barimo kwinjira mu nganda, ibyo bigatuma ipiganwa rirushaho kwiyongera. Kugira ngo amasosiyete akomeze gutera imbere, agomba kwitandukanya binyuze mu bwiza bw'ikirenga, ibicuruzwa bishya, na serivisi nziza ku bakiriya.
Nubwo hari izi mbogamizi, isoko ritanga amahirwe menshi yo gukura. Ubukungu bwo hagati mu Bushinwa bukomeje kwiyongera, hamwe no kwiyongera k’ubumenyi ku isuku n’isuku, bituma habaho abakiriya benshi ba serivisi zo kumesa imyenda. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo guha serivisi zo kumesa imyenda mu mahoteli, ibitaro n’ibindi bigo butuma habaho urujya n’uruza rw’ubucuruzi ku bamesera imyenda.
7. Ibyiza by'ejo hazaza
Mu gihe urebye imbere, ahazaza h'isoko ry'imyenda yo mu Bushinwa risa n'aho rifite icyizere. Biteganijwe ko uru rwego ruzakomeza iterambere ryarwo, bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'abakeneye serivisi zo kumesa ndetse n'iterambere rikomeje mu ikoranabuhanga. Abakora bashobora gushora imari mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere kugira ngo bateze imbere ibisubizo bishya bihaza abakiriya babo.
Byongeye kandi, kwibanda ku kubungabunga ibidukikije no ku bidukikije byitezweho kugira uruhare mu hazaza h'isoko. Uko abaguzi barushaho kumenya ingaruka zabyo ku bidukikije, hazabaho kwiyongera k'ubukene bw'ibikoresho byo gukaraba bitangiza ibidukikije. Abakora ibikoresho bazakenera gushyira imbere iterambere ry'ibicuruzwa byabo n'imikorere yabyo kugira ngo bahaze iki cyifuzo.
Mu gusoza, isoko ry’imyenda yo mu Bushinwa ryagize iterambere rikomeye mu myaka ya vuba aha, bitewe n’ubukerarugendo n’ubukerarugendo, iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, ndetse no kwiyongera k’ubumenyi ku isuku n’isuku. Ingano y’isoko ikomeje kwaguka, kandi ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho byo kumesa bigezweho nk’imashini zo kumesa mu tunnel riri kwiyongera. Ubwiyongere bw’umusaruro w’ibikoresho byo kumesa mu gihugu bigaragaza iterambere ry’ubushobozi bw’inganda mu Bushinwa.
Nubwo isoko rihura n'ibibazo nko kuzamuka kw'ibiciro no kwiyongera kw'amarushanwa, rinatanga amahirwe menshi yo gukura. Ahazaza h'inganda hasa n'aho hari icyizere, hamwe n'iterambere rikomeje mu ikoranabuhanga no kwibanda ku iterambere rirambye. Uko isoko rigenda ritera imbere, abakora n'abatanga serivisi bagomba gukomeza kwihuta no guhanga udushya kugira ngo babyaze umusaruro amahirwe kandi bahaze ibyifuzo by'abakiriya bihinduka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-09-2024