Iterambere ryihuse ry’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa, ubukerarugendo n’amahoteri byateye imbere, bituma isoko ryo koza imyenda. Mu gihe ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa bukomeje gutera imbere, inzego zitandukanye zirimo kwiyongera, kandi isoko ryo gukaraba imyenda ntirisanzwe. Iyi ngingo iracengera mu bice bitandukanye by’isoko ryo koza imyenda mu Bushinwa, ishakisha iterambere ryayo, imigendekere yacyo, ndetse n’ejo hazaza.
1. Ingano yisoko niterambere
Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2020, ingano y’isoko ry’inganda zogeje amakuru mu Bushinwa zigera kuri miliyari 8.5, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bwa 8.5%. Ibikoresho byo gukaraba isoko ryingana na miliyari 2,5 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda, hamwe n'ubwiyongere bwa 10.5%. Ingano yisoko yimyenda yari hafi miliyari 3 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda, yiyongereyeho 7%, mugihe isoko ryibikoreshwa naryo ryageze kuri miliyari 3 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda, ryiyongera 6%. Iyi mibare yerekana ko ingano y’isoko ry’inganda zogeza amakuru mu Bushinwa zikomeza kwaguka, zigakomeza umuvuduko mwinshi kandi zigaragaza imbaraga z’inganda.
Ubwiyongere bukabije bwubunini bw isoko bugaragaza ubushake bukenewe muri serivisi zo koza imyenda mubushinwa. Iki cyifuzo giterwa nimpamvu nyinshi zirimo izamuka ryimibereho, kwagura ibikorwa byubukerarugendo n’abashyitsi, ndetse no kurushaho kumenya isuku n’isuku. Mu myaka yashize, ingano yisoko yakomeje kwiyongera gahoro gahoro, byerekana imiterere yinganda.
2. Isoko ryibikoresho byo gukaraba
Ku bijyanye n’ibikoresho byo gukaraba, ahagana mu mwaka wa 2010, abamesa umuyoboro batangiye gukoreshwa cyane mu kumesa Ubushinwa. Abamesa umuyoboro uzwiho gukora neza nubushobozi bwabo, bahinduye inganda zo koza imyenda. Kuva mu 2015 kugeza 2020, umubare w’abakaraba imiringoti ukorera mu Bushinwa wakomeje kwiyongera, aho umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere buri mwaka urenga 20%, ugera ku bice 934 muri 2020. Iyi nzira yo gukura irashimangira kwiyongera gushingira ku ikoranabuhanga ryogejwe rigezweho mu nganda.
Uko icyorezo cy’icyorezo cyagendaga cyiyongera buhoro buhoro, umubare w’abakaraba bogejwe mu mashanyarazi mu nganda zo gukaraba imyenda yo mu Bushinwa wiyongereye cyane mu 2021, ugera ku bice 1,214, umwaka ushize wiyongera hafi 30%. Uku kwiyongera gushobora guterwa no gushimangira cyane isuku n’isuku nyuma y’icyorezo. Imyenda yo gukaraba no gukaraba byashora imari mukuzamura ibikoresho byabo kugirango byuzuze ibipimo bishya nibisabwa.
Iyemezwa ryo koza tuneli ryazanye inyungu nyinshi muruganda. Izi mashini zirashoboye gukora neza cyane kumesa, kugabanya igihe nakazi gasabwa gukaraba. Byongeye kandi, batanga amazi meza ningufu, bigira uruhare mukuzigama no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Nkuko kumesa kwinshi bifata imashini zateye imbere, umusaruro rusange ninganda zinganda ziteganijwe gutera imbere.
3. Umusaruro wo murugo ibikoresho byo gukaraba
Byongeye kandi, kuva mu 2015 kugeza 2020, umusaruro w’imbere mu gihugu wogeje imiringoti mu nganda zo gukaraba imyenda mu Bushinwa wagiye wiyongera, ugera kuri 84.2% muri 2020. Iterambere rikomeje kwiyongera mu musaruro w’imbere mu gihugu ry’imyenda ya tunnel ryerekana ko ikoranabuhanga ry’ibikoresho byo koza imyenda mu Bushinwa bikuze. itangwa ry'ibikoresho byogejwe neza. Iri terambere ritanga urufatiro rukomeye rwo kuzamura inganda zo koza imyenda mu Bushinwa.
Ubwiyongere bw'umusaruro w'imbere mu gihugu ni ikimenyetso cy'uko Ubushinwa bugenda bwiyongera mu gukora ibikoresho byo gukaraba bigezweho. Abahinguzi baho bashora imari mubushakashatsi niterambere kugirango bongere ibicuruzwa byabo kandi bujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga. Ihinduka ry’umusaruro w’imbere mu gihugu ntirigabanya gusa gushingira ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga gusa ahubwo binateza imbere udushya n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu.
4. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga no guhanga udushya
Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryagize uruhare runini mu gushiraho isoko ryo gukaraba imyenda mu Bushinwa. Ababikora bahora bashya kugirango bateze imbere imashini imesa neza, yizewe, kandi yangiza ibidukikije. Ibi bishya byatumye habaho iterambere ryinshi muburyo bwo gukaraba, biganisha ku musaruro mwiza no kunyurwa kwabakiriya.
Iterambere rigaragara ni uguhuza tekinoroji yubwenge mumashini imesa. Ibikoresho byo kumesa bigezweho bifite ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikoresha ibikoresho byo kumesa. Ibi bintu byubwenge byongera imikorere nuburyo bwo gukaraba, kugabanya amazi ningufu.
Byongeye kandi, iterambere ry’ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije n’ibikoresho byogusukura nabyo byagize uruhare mu kuzamuka kw isoko. Abahinguzi bibanda kubyara ibikoresho byogajuru bidafite akamaro gusa mugusukura ahubwo binangiza ibidukikije. Ibicuruzwa byangiza ibidukikije bigenda byamamara mubaguzi bagenda bamenya ibidukikije.
5. Ingaruka za COVID-19
Icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyagize ingaruka zikomeye ku nganda zitandukanye, kandi isoko ryo koza imyenda ntirisanzwe. Kwibanda cyane ku isuku n’isuku byatumye hakenerwa serivisi zo gukaraba, cyane cyane mu nzego z’ubuvuzi, kwakira abashyitsi, na serivisi z’ibiribwa. Uku kwiyongera gukenewe kwatumye imyenda yo gushora imari mu bikoresho byogeje ndetse n’ikoranabuhanga byujuje ubuziranenge bw’isuku.
Byongeye kandi, icyorezo cyihutishije kwemeza ibisubizo bidafite aho bihurira kandi byikora. Imyenda igenda yinjizamo automatike kugirango igabanye abantu kandi igabanye ibyago byo kwanduza. Izi sisitemu zikoresha zituma uburyo bwo gukaraba neza kandi bukagira isuku, butanga amahoro yo mumutima kubakiriya.
6. Inzitizi n'amahirwe
Mugihe isoko yo gukaraba imyenda yubushinwa itanga amahirwe menshi, nayo ihura nibibazo bimwe. Imwe mu mbogamizi zingenzi ni izamuka ryibiciro byibikoresho ningufu. Ababikora bakeneye gushakisha uburyo bwo kunoza imikorere yabo no kugabanya ibiciro bitabangamiye ubuziranenge. Ibi bisaba guhora udushya no kunoza imikorere.
Indi mbogamizi ni irushanwa ryiyongera ku isoko. Hamwe no gukenera serivisi zo gukaraba, abakinnyi benshi binjira mu nganda, bongera amarushanwa. Kugirango ukomeze imbere, ibigo bigomba kwitandukanya binyuze murwego rwohejuru, ibicuruzwa bishya, na serivisi nziza zabakiriya.
Nubwo hari ibibazo, isoko itanga amahirwe akomeye yo kuzamuka. Kwiyongera mu cyiciro cyo hagati mu Bushinwa, hamwe no kurushaho kumenya isuku n’isuku, byerekana abakiriya benshi muri serivisi zo koza imyenda. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bugenda bwiyongera bwa serivisi zo kumesa amahoteri, ibitaro, nibindi bigo bitanga urujya n'uruza rw'ubucuruzi bwo kumesa.
7. Ibizaza
Urebye imbere, ahazaza h'isoko ryo gukaraba imyenda yo mu Bushinwa bigaragara ko itanga icyizere. Inganda ziteganijwe gukomeza inzira yazo yo gutera imbere, bitewe n’ubushake bukenewe muri serivisi zo gukaraba ndetse n’iterambere rikomeje gukorwa mu ikoranabuhanga. Ababikora birashoboka ko bashora imari mubushakashatsi niterambere kugirango batezimbere ibisubizo bishya byita kubikenerwa byabakiriya.
Byongeye kandi, kwibanda ku buryo burambye no kubungabunga ibidukikije biteganijwe ko bizahindura ejo hazaza h’isoko. Mugihe abaguzi barushijeho kumenya ingaruka z’ibidukikije, hazagenda hakenerwa ibisubizo byangiza ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije. Ababikora bazakenera gushyira imbere kuramba mugutezimbere ibicuruzwa byabo nibikorwa kugirango babone iki cyifuzo.
Mu gusoza, isoko ryo gukaraba imyenda mu Bushinwa ryagize iterambere rikomeye mu myaka yashize, bitewe n’ubukerarugendo bwagutse n’ubukerarugendo, iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, ndetse no kurushaho kumenyekanisha isuku n’isuku. Ingano yisoko ikomeje kwaguka, kandi hifashishijwe ibikoresho byo gukaraba bigezweho nko gukaraba tuneli biriyongera. Kwiyongera kwimbere mu gihugu ibikoresho byo kumesa byerekana gukura mubushobozi bwubushinwa.
Mugihe isoko ihura nibibazo nko kuzamuka kwibiciro no kongera irushanwa, iratanga amahirwe menshi yo kuzamuka. Ejo hazaza h’inganda hasa naho hari ibyiringiro, hamwe niterambere rikomeje gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga no kwibanda ku buryo burambye. Mugihe isoko igenda itera imbere, abayikora nabatanga serivise bakeneye guhora bashishikaye kandi bashya kugirango bakoreshe amahirwe kandi bahuze ibyifuzo byabakiriya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jul-09-2024