Abayobozi benshi b'inganda zo kumesa mu Bushinwa bemeza ko isuku yo koza imiringoti itari hejuru cyane nk'iy'imashini imesa inganda. Ibi mubyukuri ni ukutumvikana. Kugirango dusobanure neza iki kibazo, mbere ya byose, dukeneye kumva ibintu bitanu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumiterere yo koza imyenda: amazi, ubushyuhe, ibikoresho byo kumesa, igihe cyo gukaraba, nimbaraga za mashini. Muri iyi ngingo, tuzagereranya urwego rwisuku duhereye kuri izi ngingo eshanu.
Amazi
Inganda zo kumesa zose zikoresha amazi yoroshye. Itandukaniro riri mumazi bakoresha mugihe cyo gukaraba. Gukaraba hamwe na tunnel yoza ni uburyo busanzwe bwo gukaraba. Iyo imyenda yinjiye, izanyura murwego rwo gupima. Ingano yo gukaraba buri gihe irashizweho, kandi amazi nayo yongewe kumubare usanzwe. Urwego nyamukuru rwo gukaraba amazi ya CLM yogejwe yerekana igishushanyo mbonera cyamazi. Ku ruhande rumwe, irashobora kuzigama imiti ikoreshwa. Kurundi ruhande, ituma imbaraga za mashini zikomera kandi byongera ubushyamirane hagati yigitambara. Nyamara, kumashini imesa inganda, ubwinshi bwamazi agomba kuzuzwa buri gihe ntabwo anyura muburyo bwo gupima neza. Inshuro nyinshi, imyenda yuzuye kugeza igihe itagishoboye kuzuzwa, cyangwa ubushobozi bwo gupakira ntibihagije. Ibi bizavamo amazi menshi cyangwa make cyane, bityo bigire ingaruka kumesa.
Ubushyuhe
Iyo umwenda winjiye mu gice cyo gukaraba, kugirango ugabanye ingaruka zashonga, ubushyuhe bwo gukaraba bugomba kugera kuri dogere 75 kugeza 80. Ibyumba nyamukuru byo gukaraba bya CLM ya tunnel byose byakozwe muburyo bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe no kugabanya ubushyuhe murirwo rwego igihe cyose. Nyamara, silinderi yimashini imesa inganda ntizigizwe, bityo ubushyuhe mugihe cyo gukaraba buzahinduka kurwego runaka, ibyo bikaba bifite ingaruka runaka kurwego rwo gukora isuku.
Imiti yimiti
Kubera ko ingano yo gukaraba ya buri cyiciro cyogejwe ya tunnel ikosowe, kongeramo ibikoresho byo kwisiga nabyo bijyanye nigipimo gisanzwe. Kwiyongera kumashanyarazi mumashini imesa inganda mubusanzwe bikorwa muburyo bubiri: kongeramo intoki no kongeramo ukoresheje pompe ya peristaltike. Niba byongeweho intoki, umubare winyongera ugenzurwa nuburambe bwabakozi. Ntabwo byashyizwe mubikorwa kandi biterwa cyane nakazi kamaboko. Niba pompe ya peristaltike ikoreshwa mukwiyongera, nubwo amafaranga yongewe buri gihe yagenwe, amafaranga yo gukaraba kuri buri cyiciro cyimyenda ntagenwa, bityo hashobora no kubaho ibihe aho hakoreshwa imiti myinshi cyangwa mike cyane.
Gukaraba Igihe
Igihe cya buri cyiciro cyo koza umuyoboro, harimo mbere yo gukaraba, gukaraba cyane, no kwoza, cyagenwe. Buri gikorwa cyo gukaraba gisanzwe kandi ntigishobora kubangamirwa nabantu. Nyamara, uburyo bwo gukaraba imashini zimesa inganda ni nkeya. Niba abakozi bahinduye muburyo bwogukora no kugabanya igihe cyo gukaraba kugirango barusheho gukora neza, bizagira ingaruka no kumesa.
Imbaraga za mashini
Imbaraga za mashini mugihe cyo gukaraba zifitanye isano na swing angle, frequency, hamwe nu mfuruka imyenda igabanuka. Inguni ya swing ya CLM yogejwe ni 235 °, inshuro zigera inshuro 11 kumunota, naho igipimo cyumutwaro wogesheje umuyoboro utangirira mucyumba cya kabiri ni 1:30.
Ikigereranyo cyimitwaro yimashini imwe ni 1:10. Biragaragara ko diameter yingoma yimbere yo gukaraba imbere ya tunnel ari nini, kandi imbaraga zingaruka zizakomera, zifasha cyane kuvanaho umwanda.
Ibishushanyo bya CLM
Usibye ingingo zavuzwe haruguru, isabune ya tuneli ya CLM nayo yakoze ibindi bishushanyo mubijyanye nisuku.
Ibs Imbavu ebyiri zikurura zongewe hejuru yisahani yingoma yimbere yimbere yogeje tunnel kugirango yongere ubushyamirane mugihe cyo gukaraba no kunoza isuku.
● Kubijyanye nicyumba cyo gukaraba cya CLM cyogejwe, twashyize mubikorwa gukaraba. Nuburyo bubiri bwibyumba, hamwe namazi azenguruka hanze yicyumba kugirango amazi atagira isuku atandukanye atembera hagati yibyumba bitandukanye.
Tank Ikigega cy'amazi gifite sisitemu yo kuyungurura lint, ikungurura neza umwanda nka cilia kandi ikarinda umwanda wa kabiri kumyenda.
● Byongeye kandi, isabune ya tuneli ya CLM ifata igishushanyo mbonera cyuzuye cyuzuye ifuro, gishobora gukuraho neza umwanda hamwe nifuro ireremba hejuru y’amazi, bityo bikarushaho kongera isuku yimyenda.
Ibi byose ni ibishushanyo imashini imwe idafite.
Nkigisubizo, mugihe uhanganye nigitambara gifite urwego rumwe rwumwanda, urwego rwoza isuku ya tunnel ruzaba rwinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-23-2025